Diabetes a Chronic Disease-Cause, Effects, Remedies & Diet
Diabetes a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood.& low level of insulin creation.
Diabetes is of 3 types:
- Gestational diabetes: is high blood sugar that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes.
- diabetes Type 1: can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, teens, or young adults. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. It could be of Hereditary also.
· diabetes Type 2: It most often occurs in adulthood, but teens and young adults are now being diagnosed with it because of high obesity rates. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it.
Factors, effects - remedies & diet control for the chronic Disease (diabetes)
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both.
To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by which food is broken down and used by the body for energy. Several things happen when food is digested:
- A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for the body, which turns in the form of energy for the body.
- An organ called the pancreas situated beneath the liver makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel.
- Normal secretion of insulin by pancreas will help in controlling the sugar levels in the blood, the low pumping of insulin will risk in taking the chemical consumption of insulin to regulate the sugar levels in the body.
People with diabetes have high blood sugar because their body cannot move sugar into fat, liver, and muscle cells to be stored for energy. This is because either:
- Their pancreas does not make enough insulin
- Their cells do not respond to insulin normally
- Both of the above
High blood sugar levels can cause several symptoms, including:
- Blurry vision
- Excess thirst
- Frequent urination
- Hunger
- Weight loss
- Giddiness
Because type 2 diabetes develops slowly, some people with high blood sugar have no symptoms.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes develop over a short period of time. People may be very sick by the time they are diagnosed.
Signs and tests
A urine analysis may be used to look for high blood sugar. However, a urine test alone does not diagnose diabetes.
Your health care provider may suspect that you have diabetes if your blood sugar level is higher than 200 mg/dL. To confirm the diagnosis, one or more of the following tests must be done.
Blood tests:
- Fasting blood glucose level -- diabetes is diagnosed if it is higher than 126 mg/dL twice. Levels between 100 and 126 mg/dL are called impaired fasting glucose or pre-diabetes. These levels are risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
- Haemoglobin A1c test --
- Normal: Less than 5.7%
- Pre-diabetes: 5.7% - 6.4%
- Diabetes: 6.5% or higher
- Ora glucose tolerance test -- diabetes is diagnosed if glucose level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours. (This test is used more often for type 2 diabetes.)
Screening for type 2 diabetes in people who have no symptoms is recommended for:
- Overweight children who have other risk factors for diabetes, starting at age 10 and repeated every 2 years
- Overweight adults (BMI greater than 25) who have other risk factors
- Adults over age 45, repeated every 3 years
Treatment
There is no cure for diabetes. Treatment involves medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar and prevent symptoms and problems.
Expectations (prognosis)
Studies have shown that better control of blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels in persons with diabetes helps reduce the risk of kidney disease, eye disease, nervous system disease, heart attack, and stroke.
Complications
After many years, diabetes can lead to other serious problems:
- You could have eye problems, including trouble seeing (especially at night) and light sensitivity. You could become blind.
- Your feet and skin can develop sores and infections. After a long time, your foot or leg may need to be removed. Infection can also cause pain and itching in other parts of the body.
- Diabetes may make it harder to control your blood pressure and cholesterol. This can lead to a heart attack, stroke, or other problems. It can become harder for blood to flow to your legs and feet.
- Nerves in the body can become damaged, causing pain, tingling, and a loss of feeling.
- Because of nerve damage, you could have problems digesting the food you eat. You could feel weakness or have trouble going to the bathroom. Nerve damage can also make it harder for men to have an erection.
- High blood sugar and other problems can lead to kidney damage. The kidneys might not work as well, and they may even stop working.
- Low & high levels of sugar into the blood may even makes the person fall unconscious.
ü Keeping an ideal body weight and an active lifestyle may prevent diabetes.
ü There is no way to prevent type 1 diabetes.
ü Daily Exercises
ü Performing Yoga, Meditation gives good result in controlling.
ü Daily walking in the early mornings.
ü Going on for jogging.
ü Consumption of less oil content Foods.
ü Consuming the medicines as per the Doctors Advice.
Diabetes diet
Maintaining a good & healthy Diet will help in controlling the diabetes. Person suffering from Diabetes should have timely food.
Mostly Food prepared by wheat, jawar should be taken a lot than Rice.
Chapatti’s is the very good food to have for the person suffering from Diabetes.
Low fat content food is suggested such as Fish, leafy vegetables, bread& etc are adviced.
Drugs of interest
- Insulin Injection
Insulin injection is used to control blood sugar in people who have type 1 diabetes (condition in which the body does not make insulin and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood) or in people who have type 2 diabetes (condition in which the blood sugar is too high because the body does not produce or use insulin normally) that cannot be controlled with oral medications alone. Insulin injection is in a class of medications called hormones. Insulin injection is used to take the place of insulin that is normally produced by the body. It works by helping move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also stops the liver from producing more sugar. All of the types of insulin that are available work in this way. The types of insulin differ only in how quickly they begin to work and how long they continue to control blood sugar. That should be placed in a Zero degree temperature for resisting its chemical for a longer time.The dosage of it will be advised by the Doctor as per the secretion of the insulin done by the Pancreas.
- Metformin
Metformin is used alone or with other medications, including insulin, to treat type 2 diabetes (condition in which the body does not use insulin normally and, therefore, cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood). Metformin helps to control the amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood. It decreases the amount of glucose you absorb from your food and the amount of glucose made by your liver. Glucose helps in forming the energy required to maintain the body, which will be distributed to the parts of the body.
Rosiglitazone is used along with a diet and exercise program and sometimes with one or more other medications to treat type 2 diabetes (condition in which the body does not use insulin normally and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood). Because of the risk of serious side effects, rosiglitazone should only be used to treat people who are already taking the medication, or people whose blood sugar cannot be controlled with other medications and who have decided not to take pioglitazone (Actos, a medication that is similar to rosiglitazone but that may not cause the same serious side effects) for medical reasons. Rosiglitazone is in a class of medications called thiazolidinediones. It works by increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin, a natural substance that helps control blood sugar levels. Rosiglitazone is not used to treat type 1 diabetes (condition in which the body does not produce insulin and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood) or diabetic ketoacidosis (a serious condition that may occur if high blood sugar is not treated).
Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone is used with a diet and exercise program and sometimes with other medications, to treat type 2 diabetes (condition in which the body does not use insulin normally and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood). Pioglitazone is in a class of medications called thiazolidinediones. It works by increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin, a natural substance that helps control blood sugar levels. Pioglitazone is not used to treat type 1 diabetes (condition in which the body does not produce insulin and, therefore, cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood) or diabetic ketoacidosis (a serious condition that may develop if high blood sugar is not treated).
Insulin glargine is used to treat type 1 diabetes (condition in which the body does not produce insulin and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood). It is also used to treat people with type 2 diabetes (condition in which the body does not use insulin normally and, therefore, cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood) who need long-acting insulin to control their diabetes. Insulin glargine is a long-acting, man-made version of human insulin. Insulin is a hormone made in the pancreas. Insulin helps move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also helps the body break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from the diet. In a person with diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin for the body's needs, so additional insulin is required. People with diabetes may gradually develop serious nerve, blood vessel, kidney, and eye problems if the diabetes is not controlled properly.by which the person may feel giddiness frequently & unables to walk properly. This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
High & low dosage of insulin will also effect the body in a bad way that should be monitored frequently
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